Philby died of heart failure in Moscow in 1988. The decree was made absolute on 17 September 1946 and Philby and Aileen were married a week later. As the first extract in our serialisation of a brilliant new book about the traitor reveals, it wasn't just his country this Cold War spy cheated on . In 1965, he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. All along, Philby had been worrying about what lay in store for him. Registered office: 1 London Bridge Street, SE1 9GF. Philby is a promising surname to spot on the spine of a spy thriller. After he died, I saw evidence of this, when Camera Press got in touch about the boxes of extraordinary photographic slides he took while embedded with the army. He refused to go. Upon his arrival in Moscow, Philby discovered that he was not a colonel in the KGB, as he had been led to believe. [36], In February 1934, Philby married Litzi Friedmann, an Austrian Jewish communist whom he had met in Vienna. Based on the New York Times best-selling book written by Ben Macintyre. Interrogated repeatedly regarding his intelligence work and his connection with Burgess, he continued to deny that he had acted as a Soviet agent. But surely, I thought, when I was old enough to think about such things, my dad must have sensed something when he was growing up. Following his debriefing in the US, Golitsyn was sent to SIS for further questioning. She sensed something going on between her husband and Elliott that was escaping her. His appearance had strikingly deteriorated since I had last seen him.'. 'in Russian", "The Cambridge Spies' West Hampstead connection", "Kim Philby: new revelations about spy emerge in secret files", "Spies Philby's widow tells of an Englishman's life in exile", "Moscow square named after notorious British double agent Kim Philby", "A Cold War Mystery: Was the Soviet Mole Kim Philby a Double Agent or a Triple Agent? [11][pageneeded], A more serious incident occurred in August 1945, when Konstantin Volkov, an NKVD agent and vice-consul in Istanbul, requested political asylum in Britain for himself and his wife. To most people he was a cheery and charming soul with a weakness for alcohol. Since his death 10 years ago, in the Languedoc village he escaped to from London in the early 2000s, Ive been told that he was pushed off that Sunday Times job because of the associations of his name. By 1945, Philby was head of counterespionage for MI6. Were working to restore it. In 1971, Philby married Rufina Pukhova, a Russo-Polish woman 20 years his junior, with whom he lived until his death in 1988. Kim Philby, born on January 1st, 1912, is one of the best known double agents of the Cold War era. The writer, who has just landed a book deal with Harper Collins for her debut novel, The Most Difficult Thing, has grown up with the legacy of Kim Philby's betrayal and defection to the Soviet. Aileen has died!' Modrzhinskaya concluded that all were double agents, working essentially for the British. She told a BBC documentary: He was just dad. He responded by slapping her. Now Josephine, the eldest of his five children, has described how his family coped with the aftermath of a betrayal that shocked the nation. This entailed responsibility for a network of undercover operatives in several cities such as Madrid, Lisbon, Gibraltar and Tangier. They went to live with an aunt and uncle, and saw little of his father. John Philby was shocked to learn from a newspaper placard of his father's defection. As a result of this accident, Philby, who was well-liked by the Nationalist forces whose victories he trumpeted, was awarded the Red Cross of Military Merit by Franco on 2 March 1938. 00:58 GMT 18 Sep 2021. He recalled that in 1948, when he was five, Burgess came to stay for a holiday. regarding his possible Soviet affiliations continued. Did the smoke stick in his throat as he saw the words spelled out on the billboard in front of him? Though a convinced Communist, he had a strong humanistic streak. And here she was plunked down in my midst!
[81] Philby continued to read The Times, which was not generally available in the USSR, listened to the BBC World Service, and was an avid follower of cricket. I first went in 1950 - I remember bunking off school to go. But unlike his notorious father, who was hailed a hero in the Soviet Union and buried with full honours, Philby jnr led a low-profile life, and ran his own successful joinery business from a workshop near King's Cross in north London. He was recruited by Soviet intelligence in 1934. Philby was only an agent of one service, the KGB. Kim Philby holds a press conference at his parents home in London in 1955. 1958 Marries Eleanor Brewer, an American. And with the shocking length of the Blake sentence, the knowledge of how miserable his friend Burgess was in Moscow and his domestic stability in Beirut concentrating his mind, Philby's compliance seemed a real possibility. But cracks were appearing in the marriage. .: Kim Philby (Pearce)MI6Nicholas Elliott (Lewis)PhilbyMI6KGB . After my dad learnt his father had landed in Moscow, unable to set foot in the West again from behind the safety of the Iron Curtain, he took a flight to the city and tracked his father down. Journalist Ben Macintyre, author of several works on espionage, speculated that MI6 might have left open the opportunity for Philby to flee to Moscow to avoid an embarrassing public trial. These lapses by Philby aroused intense suspicion in Moscow. He is widely considered historys most successful double spy. Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby (1 January 1912 - 11 May 1988) was a high-ranking member of British intelligence who worked as a double agent before defecting to the Soviet Union in 1963. Five young men, privileged and well-educated members of the British elite, decided for one reason or another to become spies or double agents for Soviet Russia: Guy Burgess, Donald Maclean, John Cairncross, Anthony Blunt and, of course, the greatest betrayer of them all, Kim Philby. A more serious threat to Philby's position had come to light. The Russians flew John and his sister, Josephine, to Moscow for their father's funeral in 1988. In 1940 he was interviewed by MI5 officers in London, led by Jane Archer. He and his sister Josephine were flown to Moscow by the Russians for his father's funeral in 1988. Eleanor did not have the faintest idea these thoughts were going through her husband's head. He was restless and distant, and Eleanor spoke to him sharply about his behaviour. Then Elliott turned up in Beirut. He warned. There was an air of vulnerability about him, a hint of loneliness, that they found irresistible. But it was resumed a few months later, when he received a letter from his father in Moscow. Philby told the British, after a direct question to Franco, that German troops would never be permitted to cross Spain to attack Gibraltar. Like Kim, my dad never cared to follow the crowd or abide by the rules, and he celebrated that trait in his father, regardless of the personal cost.. Of the five, Philby is believed to have been most successful in providing secret information to the Soviets.[2]. Birthday: January 1, 1912 ( Capricorn) Born In: Ambala, Punjab, British India 1 6 Quick Facts British Celebrities Born In January Also Known As: Harold Adrian Russell Philby Died At Age: 76 Family: Spouse/Ex-: Rufina Pukhova (m. 1971), Aileen Furse, Eleanor Brewer, Litzi Friedmann father: St John Philby mother: Dora Johnston But the rezident (Russian term for spymaster) in France, probably Pierre at this time, suggested to Moscow that he suspected Philby's motives. Never one to offer up unsolicited information about himself, it wasnt until the first time he met my then boyfriend, who shared an interest in photography, that my dad mentioned his time as a war photographer for The Sunday Times, in Vietnam. It had been Bill Harvey who had laid out . For those who knew him, it was his blessing and his curse. He warned two Soviet double agents, Burgess and Donald Maclean, they were under suspicion and they escaped to the Soviet Union in 1951. Philby was a 19-year-old art student when his father was exposed in 1963 as a traitor. [57] Another meeting was scheduled to take place in the last week of January. [51][52], Burgess had intended to aid Maclean in his escape, not accompany him in it. Philby burst into an embassy party to announce: 'Great news! His office oversaw a large amount of urgent and top-secret communications between the United States and London. [33], During 194243, Philby's responsibilities were then expanded to include North Africa and Italy, and he was made the deputy head of Section Five under Major Felix Cowgill, an army officer seconded to SIS. While a student at the University of Cambridge, Philby became a communist and in 1933 a Soviet agent. For women, enjoy discounted puffers, dresses, jeans, tees and . In a 1981 lecture to the East German security service (the Stasi), Philby attributed the failure of the British Secret Service to unmask him as due in great part to the British class systemit was inconceivable that one "born into the ruling class of the British Empire" would be a traitorto the amateurish and incompetent nature of the organisation, and to so many in MI6 having so much to lose if he was proven to be a spy. There is so much speculation still about why he did it and what side was he really on. MI5 boss Dick White told the Prime Minister, Harold Macmillan: 'We need to discover what damage he caused.'. 'For months and months I refused to believe that Kim Philby was a great master spy. Britain declares that Philby is the 'Third Man'. He used a simpler system for MI6, delivering post at Hendaye, France, for the British embassy in Paris. Cambridge Spies (2003), BBC 12. Harry St John Bridger Philby, CIE (3 April 1885 - 30 September 1960), also known as Jack Philby or Sheikh Abdullah ( ), was a British Arabist, adviser, explorer, writer, and Colonial Office intelligence officer. They had already been down to the Embassy but being unable to work had come back". Fellow (adoptive) north Londoner Alan Bennett wrote in the programme of one of his plays that my father whom he had never met had been late to Kims funeral and was drunk behind a headstone. She says she struggled to get him to talk, recalling how he was polite but totally noncommittal. But did I ever wonder if he was a spy?. "[18], Philby continued to live in the United Kingdom with his wife for several years. Drink had become not a threat to his big secret but an accessory to it, part of an inner search for balm in his tormented double life. James Hanning For The Daily Mail, GPs need more cash, thousands more doctors and extra space in surgeries before returning to pre-pandemic levels of face-to-face appointments, leading medic claims, EDEN CONFIDENTIAL: So what DID Carrie tell pals about the Royals? Philby exposed. Eventually, Tommy visited Kim five times in Moscow in the 1970s. Monica Porter was the journalist who persuaded him to give her an exclusive interview with Daily Mail about his father, in the 90s. That they were both married didn't bother them. The NKVD complained to Cecil Barclay, the SIS representative in Moscow, that information had been withheld. In a family letter, never shared publicly before, the defector wrote from Moscow in the year his granddaughter was born. I think that he was of Czech origin; about 5ft 7in, stout, with blue eyes and light curly hair. When the divorce came through, it was Philby who gave Sam the news that he and Eleanor were going to marry. Then, when they came too close, he punished them or pushed them away.'. Under a cloud of suspicion raised by his highly visible and intimate association with Burgess, Philby returned to London. Friends remembered her asking them: 'To whom should a wife's allegiance belong her country or her husband?'. Kim Philby, Britain's fabled Third Man, fled to the Soviet Union 50 years ago. [27] His time at Section D, however, was short-lived; the "tiny, ineffective, and slightly comic" section[28] was soon absorbed by the Special Operations Executive (SOE) in the summer of 1940. Another effort was made using a Turkish gulet for a seaborne landing, but it never left port. He was recruited by Soviet intelligence in 1934. I was born and bred in Leicestershire and my Dad used to take me racing at Leicester. Could they have overlooked Philby's Communist wife?" He could stay quiet for hours and let you drivel on, and then he could cut you dead with a single sentence. 'Kim's never done anything like this to me before,' she said. Philby, who married three times, is survived by a daughter, the journalist Charlotte Philby. In 1956, Philby began an affair with Eleanor Brewer, the wife of New York Times correspondent Sam Pope Brewer. Another MI6 agent, David Cornwell (alias author John le Carr) believed Philby treated women as his secret audience: 'He used them like he used society: he performed, danced, fantasised with them, begged their approbation. A Prussian boy with. ", "John le Carr, The Art of Fiction No. 2021 Associated Newspapers Limited. However, when Elliott asked him to sign a written statement, he hesitated and requested a delay in the interrogation. Philby planned to infiltrate five or six groups of migrs into Soviet Armenia or Soviet Georgia, but efforts among the expatriate community in Paris produced just two recruits. He was her soul-mate, 'as loving and attentive as any woman could wish'. Born in British India, Philby was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge. The head of MI6, Dick White, only recently transferred from MI5, had suspected Philby as the "third man". [11][pageneeded]. She, though, increasingly blamed him for her illness. 1957 Aileen Furse, Philby's second wife, dies. A Spy Among Friends: With Guy Pearce, Damian Lewis, Anna Maxwell Martin, Nicholas Rowe. Resenting Burgess's close relationship with her husband, Aileen set fire to the living room, suffering serious burns. Bestselling novelist Robert Littell employs all his considerable skills in telling the story of Kim Philby through the eyes of more than twenty true-life characters. This statement was underlined twice in red and marked with two question marks, clearly indicating their confusion and questioning of this, by disbelieving staff at Moscow Central in the Lubyanka, according to Genrikh Borovik, who saw the telegrams much later in the KGB archives. PHILBY, TOMMY - PHOTOGRAPHS (UNDATED): Photograph MCDONALD, SUE - PHOTOGRAPHS W/ CHILDREN OF PHILBY, KIM (UNDATED): Photograph. Thomas Michael Shelby OBE DSM MM MP is a fictional character born in 1890 in Birmingham, England, and the main protagonist in the British period crime drama Peaky Blinders.He is played by Irish actor Cillian Murphy, who has won an Irish Film & Television Award and National Television Award for his portrayal of Shelby. Hillary "Harry" St-John Bridger Philby CIE (3 April 1885 - 30 September 1960), also known as Jack Philby or Sheikh Abdullah ( ), his Arabic name, was an Arabist, explorer, writer, and British colonial office intelligence officer. He said that at the time of his recruitment as a spy there were no prospects of his being useful; he was instructed to make his way into the Secret Service, which took years, starting with journalism and building up contacts in the establishment. [70] However, others maintain that he escaped through Syria, overland to Soviet Armenia and thence to Russia. "The only way to guarantee peace is by making the prospect of war seem hopeless.". He wrote in a letter: 'We shall take a house in the mountains: she will paint; I will write; peace and stability at last.'. His mother resented Burgess and his close relationship with her husband, and began staging accidents to claim attention; she reported being mugged in her car; on another occasion she set fire to the living room, suffering serious burns. He was, in short, a traitor, and suspicions against him grew in the following decade. Of Philby's five children, John was the closest, visiting him in the former Soviet Union at least 12 times. For much of her life, she remained a committed spy. [60], It is unclear whether Philby had been alerted, but Eleanor noted that as 1962 wore on, expressions of tension in his life "became worse and were reflected in bouts of deep depression and drinking". Working from genuine unclassified and public CIA or US State Department documents, Philby inserted "sinister" paragraphs regarding US plans. What compels a person to do that? But increasingly he was cold towards his wife and she was frustrated with him. However, she denies that Philby ever regretted defecting to the Soviet Union, adding that he never talked of going home to Britain. Philby jnr admitted that when the news broke, he felt a sense of something approaching quiet approval. When this fact was pointed out to Bennett, who wrote my father a note sticking by his false claims, my dads response was to simply tear the piece of paper in two and toss it in the bin. An elegant, twisty spy story by a true master of the craft. Friends for 30 years, they had a shared love for cricket and long lunches with a pink gin . [32] At this time, the German Abwehr was active in Spain, particularly around the British naval base of Gibraltar, which its agents hoped to watch with many cameras and radars to track Allied supply ships in the Western Mediterranean. The new London rezident, Ivan Chichayev (code-name Vadim), re-established contact and asked for a list of names of British agents being trained to enter the Soviet Union. In 1955, a botched investigation formally cleared him of spying for the Soviets but, shortly before being reinterviewed by British intelligence in 1963, Philby snr defected to Moscow. Aileen died in 1957, when Tommy was just 11 years old; his contact with his father was cut off as soon as the double spy defected to the USSR in January 1963. When he died, in 1988, he was buried with honors by the Soviet authorities. Their fifth child, Harry George, was born in 1950. The stammering, debonair Philby was suspected of being the so-called Third Man and, although he was investigated, he swore that he did not know Maclean. In 1964 when he was 20, the young Philby was fined 15 and placed on probation for two years for stealing, with two friends, a radio, alcohol, cigarettes and cash valued in all at 75 from a sports pavilion at Greenwich. The two had drunk a great deal of bourbon together and traded top-grade diplomatic tittle-tattle. 1990 commemorative Russian stamp of Philby (USSR Post / Public Domain) Finally, Kim Philby, known as the most notorious spy among the Cambridge 5, died in 1988 when he was 76 years old. Thinking Philby a bit lost and alone in Beirut, she took him under her wing and within days they were meeting regularly deux, often while Sam was out of town. Show more How to Dominate Under Pressure The Non-Reactivity. Nonetheless, the information was publicized in 1967 when Philby granted an interview to Murray Sayle of The Times in Moscow. [35][36] Charles Arnold-Baker, an officer of German birth (born Wolfgang von Blumenthal) working for Richard Gatty in Belgium and later transferred to the Norwegian/Swedish border, voiced many suspicions of Philby and Philby's intentions but was ignored time and time again.[5]. Surely, with the right opportunity, he would move on and explicitly reject his past? The drinking got worse. He simply bolted. His family talk about one of the Cold War's worst acts of treachery. Physical Storage Information Box: 5, Folder: 4 (Mixed Materials) Repository Details Repository Details. During the Phoney War from September 1939 until the Dunkirk evacuation, Philby worked as The Times' first-hand correspondent with the British Expeditionary Force headquarters. Kim Philby. He was very good when he was around. But when the Foreign Secretary, Harold Macmillan, announced that he had no reason to conclude that Philby had betrayed his country, the headmaster told him: ''Good news, Philby. The cuckolded Sam seemed unconcerned. Jubilee Statistical Yearbook]", "The national economy of the USSR for 70 years. She also enjoyed his recourse to humour, in contrast to her husband, a more serious presence who thought of little but his work. After leaving Cambridge, Philby worked as a journalist, covering the Spanish Civil War and the Battle of France. Wages and incomes of the population. Shortly before being reinterviewed by British Intelligence in 1963, he defected to Moscow. But for author. But for intelligence history aficionados it marked the 50th anniversary of the escape to Moscow of notorious double spy Harold Adrian Russell Philby. It was ten years before he was given a minor role in the training of KGB recruits. She was a horsey product of the Home Counties, at that time prone to tantrums and self-harm. What is undeniable is that in Beirut there was no pretence at grief. 11. He was paid 500 roubles a month (the average Soviet salary in 1960 was Rbls80.60 a month and Rbls122 in 1970)[75][76] and his family was not immediately able to join him in exile. Philby had to help discover the identity of "Homer" but also wished to protect Maclean. 1883. In December 1937, during the Battle of Teruel, a Republican shell hit just in front of the car in which Philby was travelling with the correspondents Edward J. Neil of the Associated Press, Bradish Johnson of Newsweek, and Ernest Sheepshanks[21] of Reuters. [17], In London, Philby began a career as a journalist. They flocked around him at parties, hovering expectantly, unable to take their eyes off him. Philby became a Communist while studying at Cambridge. Colonel David Smiley, an aristocratic Guards officer who had helped Enver Hoxha and his Communist guerillas to liberate Albania, now prepared to remove Hoxha. 2021 James Hanning. . Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby ORB, OL ODN (1 January 1912 - 11 May 1988) was a British intelligence officer and a double agent for the Soviet Union.In 1963 he was revealed to be a member of the Cambridge Five, a spy ring which had divulged British secrets to the Soviets during World War II and in the early stages of the Cold War.Of the five, Philby is believed to have been most . All she knew was that he was drinking far too much and was constantly depressed, soldiering on with his journalistic work, though without much enthusiasm. He was of both a generation and breeding that favours a stiff upper lip. Find the best deals on Tommy Hilfiger's classic designs as well as bedding and bath styles with nautical, preppy and colorful themes. He was an outlier who was almost universally adored. 149", "Up on the Catwalk Lyrics Simple Minds", The Defence of the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5, Stalin's Englishman: The Lives of Guy Burgess, Annotated bibliography of the Philby Affair, File release: Cold War Cambridge spies Burgess and Maclean, "Kim Philby: The Spy Who Loved Me" by Charlotte Philby, 12 June 2018, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kim_Philby&oldid=1133869572, British intelligence personnel who defected to the Soviet Union, People educated at Westminster School, London, People stripped of a British Commonwealth honour, World War II spies for the United Kingdom, People granted political asylum in the Soviet Union, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox spy with unknown parameters, Articles having same image on Wikidata and Wikipedia, Pages using Template:Post-nominals with customized linking, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from June 2020, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2013, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from September 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Belgian comic authors Olivier Neuray and Valerie Lemaire wrote a series of three historical comics entitled "Les Cinq de Cambridge" involving Kim Philby. 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